Benefits of computing gross profit on sales in contrast to contribution margin Essay Example for Free

Benefits of computing gross profit on sales in contrast to contribution margin Essay The computation of gross profit on sales, which can be derived under the absorption costing approach, is a profitability measure normally conducted under financial analysis.   This accounting ratio outlines the gross profit generated from every $100 of sales.   Such measure is highly useful in financial analysis, because it provides indications on the profitability potential and cost efficiency of the company.  Ã‚   For instance, if there was an increase in sales of 10%, but the gross profit margin declined by 4%. This indicates that the cost efficiency of the organization deteriorated during the period.    Such analysis cannot be conducted under the contribution margin approach, because gross profit is not present.   However, under the contribution margin approach one can calculate the contribution to sales ratio which indicates the contribution determined from every $100 of sales.   This would also provide indications on the control of variable costs once compared over time. Difference in Net Income arising from different approaches. In the example of ABC Company the profit under the two methods is the same.   However, this is not always the case.   Profits under the two methods differ whenever there is movement in inventory.   This is due to the fact that since under the absorption costing technique fixed manufacturing costs are included in the cost of goods sold, a proportion of fixed costs will be included in inventory leading to such a difference. Contribution margin approach not allowable for external reporting. The contribution margin approach, despite being highly useful to provide valuable information for decision making, is not acceptable for external reporting.   This is due to the fact that it does not comply with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). For example, under the GAAP the income statement layout should clearly outline the gross profit made by the company.   Under the contribution margin method this is not highlighted.   Another important reason why the absorption approach is allowable for external reporting and not the contribution approach is due to the way in which the income statement is classified. The GAAP state that the income statement is classified by function, like under the absorption method.   In the contribution approach it is classified by cost behavior.   Indeed separation between fixed and variable costs is made under such method. This conflicts with another requirement of the GAAP. Reference: Drury C. (1996). Management and Cost Accounting. Fourth Edition. New York: International Thomson Business Press.

Heat transfer of nanofluids in turbulent pipe flow :: Technology, Nanofluids

Heat transfer of nanoparticle suspensions in turbulent pipe flow is studied theoretically. The main idea upon which this work is based is that nanofluids behave more like singlephase fluids than like conventional solidï€ ­liquid mixtures. This assumption implies that all the convective heat transfer correlations available in the literature for single-phase flows can be extended to nanoparticle suspensions, provided that the thermophysical properties appearing in them are the nanofluid effective properties calculated at the reference temperature. In this regard, two empirical equations, based on a wide variety of experimental data reported in the literature, are used for the evaluation of the nanofluid effective thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. Conversely, the other effective properties are computed by the traditional mixing theory. The novelty of the present study is that the merits of nanofluids with respect to the corresponding base liquid are evaluated in terms of global energetic performance, and not simply by the common point of view of the heat transfer enhancement. Both cases of constant pumping power and constant heat transfer rate are investigated for different operating conditions, nanoparticle diameters, and solidï€ ­liquid combinations. The fundamental result obtained is the existence of an optimal particle loading for either maximum heat transfer at constant driving power or minimum cost of operation at constant heat transfer rate. In particular, for any assigned combination of solid and liquid phases, it is found that the optimal concentration of suspended nanoparticles increases as the nanofluid bulk temperature is increased, the Reynolds number of the base fluid is increased, and the length-to-diameter ratio of the pipe is decreased, while it is practically independent of the nanoparticle diameter. The usual design requirements for modern heat transfer equipment are reduced size and high thermal performance. In this connection, in the past decades a considerable research effort has been dedicated to the development of advanced methods for heat transfer enhancement, such as those relying on new geometries and configurations, and those based on the use of extended surfaces and/or turbulators. On the other hand, according to a number of studies executed in recent times, a further important contribution may derive by the replacement of traditional heat transfer fluids, such as water, ethylene glycol and mineral oils, with nanofluids, i.e., colloidal suspensions of nano-sized solid particles, whose effective thermal conductivity has been demonstrated to be higher than that of the corresponding pure base liquid. The main results of prior work on pipe flow, that is undoubtedly one of the most investigated topics in the field of convection in nanofluids, clearly show that nanoparticle suspensions offer better thermal performance than the base liquids at same Reynolds number, and that heat transfer increases with increasing the nanoparticle

Baroque Composers

This meaner you complete all work in a word processing document (e. G. , Microsoft Word) and attach the file using the dropped tool. Use the Unit 5: Text Questions dropped basket. The answers to the Review & Critical Thinking questions are worth 10 points. Unit Five: Text Questions Review Questions 1 . What are figured bass and basso continuo? How are they related? 2. What is ornamentation? 3. What is an oratorio? How does it differ from an opera? 4. What is an orchestra? How did the development of orchestras influence Baroque music? 5. What is an instrumental suite? Critical Thinking Questions .What are the characteristics of Baroque music? How would you describe Baroque 2. Choose one of the composers discussed in the unit and listen to several of the composer's works. Which works did you listen to? How would you describe this composer's music? Why do you think this composer was an influential figure in Baroque music? 3. How did composers and musicians think about themselves during the Baroque period? How did this influence the music that they created? 4. What advantages and disadvantages did Baroque composers have in the patronage system? What did they gain from this practice?What limitations did it place on them? 5. Baroque music often tried to capture and reflect a particular emotion or feeling. Choose one of the musical works in the unit. Identify the work that you chose. What feeling or emotion is the composer trying to capture or reflect in the work? What aspects of the music lead you to this emotion or feeling? Discussion Questions Please post questions and answers on the UNIT FIVE discussion boards. Unless otherwise instructed, you should submit at least one full paragraph for each question. Each discussion assignment is worth 5 points.

Analysis Of The Sun, Line, And Cave - 1163 Words

Victoria McAlister Professor Talcott Ancient Philosophy 5 December 2014 Consistency in the Sun, Line, and Cave Plato’s theory of the Forms showcases that acquiring knowledge involves turning away from the world of senses and moving towards the Forms/world of intellect. Within Plato’s Republic there are three analogies: the sun, line, and cave, which are intended to clarify how things experienced in the sensible world are less real than the Forms. All three analogies are consistent through their descriptions of the differences between the intelligible and sensible worlds. The usage of all three also enables Plato to guide readers through the knowledge process, starting with a simple description of the sun and ending with a full example of how man can reach that sun. Plato starts with the analogy of the sun, which points out the contrast between the visible and the intelligible worlds. Within the visible world man has eyes and objects to be seen, but man needs another object for the eyes to see the object. This object is the sun, which provid es the light that is required by the eye to view the visible world. In correspondence, the Form of the Good in the intelligible world is equal to the sun by the way that the Good allows the forms to be known. Plato specifically states, â€Å"What gives truth to the things known and the power to know to the knower is the Form of the Good. And though it is the cause of knowledge and truth, it is also an object of knowledge† (508e). Along withShow MoreRelatedphi 103 week 1 reading quiz Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagesarguments    Has assumptions underneath it    Is expressed through ideas and concepts    a and b    b and c    Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in â€Å"The Analysis and Assessment of Thinking† [Paul and Elder Website] http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-analysis-amp-assessment-of-thinking/497    Points Received: 0 of 1    Comments: Question  3. Question : Good critical thinkers:    Student Answer: Live in a self-centered manner inRead MoreHow the Divided Line Relates with the Cave and Light of Sun Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous three analogies, that of the divided line, which was perfectly, rather clarified in the book The Republic. It is one of the most articulate stories. Plato brought out these models of truth, knowledge, and the natural world of truth along his analogy of the divided line. However, Plato’s analogies are over 1900 years old, I believe but they can still play a big role in today’s world. Plato believes that his manner of knowledge produced in his divided line, can be a significant part in creating aRead MorePlatos Allegory of the Cave - Analysis and Summary973 Words   |  4 PagesAllegory of the Cave - Analysis and Summary The Allegory of the Cave by Plato represents an extended metaphor that is to contrast the way in which we perceive and believe in what is reality. The thesis behind his allegory is the basic opinion that all we perceive are imperfect reflections of the ultimate Forms, which subsequently represent truth and reality. In his story, Plato establishes a cave in which prisoners are chained down and forced to look upon the front wall of the cave. In AllegoryRead MorePlatos Allegory of the Cave - Analysis and Summary987 Words   |  4 PagesAllegory of the Cave - Analysis and Summary The Allegory of the Cave by Plato represents an extended metaphor that is to contrast the way in which we perceive and believe in what is reality. The thesis behind his allegory is the basic opinion that all we perceive are imperfect reflections of the ultimate Forms, which subsequently represent truth and reality. In his story, Plato establishes a cave in which prisoners are chained down and forced to look upon the front wall of the cave. In AllegoryRead MoreCathedral: Allegory of the Cave and Narrator1208 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿1/23/14 Comparative Literary Analysis Performance Task Allegory of the Cathedral As the philospoher Seneca once said, â€Å"It is the power of the mind to be unconquerable.† Raymond Carver’s Cathedral is a story about a man who started out as a closed-minded man but, throughout the story his character changes as he begins to bond with his wife’s friend, Robert, a man who is blind. Plato’s Allegory of the cave is a story about a prisoner who is freed from being locked in chains living all ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas C. Fosters The Laughing Sutra850 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, and Mark Salzman has beautifully captured this truth in his novel, The Laughing Sutra. However, Thomas C. Foster, in his literary companion, How to Read Literature Like a Professor, sets forth several rules and methods to ‘reading between the lines’ in literary texts to obtain the true value from a novel. In order to fully grasp the plot and literary development of a novel, one must first employ these analytical views. In The Laughing Sutra, we find that Hsun- Ching mission to recover the LaughingRead MoreThe Republic, By Plato1500 Words   |  6 PagesThis textual analysis will be based on the book â€Å"The Republic† by Plato, specifically the passage 475d-477a. The purpose of this essay is to analyze and evaluate the main concepts explored in the passage and their relation to the platonic political philosophy presented in â€Å"The Republic†. The essay will provide a summary of the passage, emphasizing the breakthroughs reached in the Socratic dialogue. The main points will then be singled out for a more in-depth review in order to see if the argumentsRead MoreAllegory of the Cave Plato6021 Words   |  25 PagesDaynise Wendt Paul Zintgraff English Comp I April 5, 2013 Persuasive Essay Bliss Most people live in a world of relative ignorance; we are comfortable with this unawareness because it is all we know. Platos Allegory of the Cave† captures the essence of the journey to enlightenment. Clearly, the thought of sameness and normality thinking has transcended from Platos time to today. Thus, the allegory is relevant to contemporary essential life. Organizations are known for fostering a cultureRead MoreIntroduction. Weathering Occurs Through Interaction Between1658 Words   |  7 Pagescreek that flows into the Pacific Ocean. Santa Monica Mountains contain dynamic geological features such as â€Å"active fault lines, fossils, remnants of volcanoes, and even formations created underwater now at the top of ridgelines† (National Park Service). Throughout the Malibu State Creek Park, there is evidence of low angle fault lines and bar and bar downthrown side fault lines. As for climate, due to its proximity to the Pacific Ocean and southern California climate, the Santa Monica Mountains regionRead MoreComparing Twentieth Century Political Thought Leo Strauss And Richard Rorty1421 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction When it comes to an analysis of twentieth century political thought Leo Strauss and Richard Rorty are two indispensable figures. Rorty was a pupil of Strauss at the University of Chicago, and was always quick to acknowledge the influence that his former teacher had on his writing. In the following paper I will briefly highlight and critique the fundamental arguments presented by the duo. Certainly, Rorty and Strauss share a degree of commonality in their critique of the Enlightenment